Permutation-lock.



P. ZIRON.

PERMUTATION LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23, 190s 924,871. Patented June 15, k1909.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT ormon- PAUL ZIRON, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

,1 PEnMUTATIoN-Locx.

Specication of Letters Patent'.

Patented lune 15, 1909.

Applicationmd 'June 23, 190s. seal No. hasta.

of locks in which the tumblers or detent elements are identical in size and shape and are given dierent relative positions for each operative permutation of the lock. 1

The principal object of the invention is to provide a novel and yimproved construction for the adjustable elements andl a novelmeans for eecting their adjustment to any one oi' the possible operativev permutations.

A particular object is to fprovide'a simple lock mechanism either with or without keys and capable of ready adjustment to any one of a large number of permutations;

A further particular object is to provide for the use of a master key or master permuta- Vtion which may serve for a series of locks.

The objects of the invention are obtained l throughthe peculiarly novel principle applied in the construction and arrangement of the tumblers or detent members.

In the drawing Figure 1 represents the invention applied to a key operated lock, Fig. 2 adetail of the key, Figs. 3, 4 and 5 detail modifications, while Fig. 6, a diagram of tumbler positions 4 with an arrangement `of rotatable` disks for a keyless lock.

' vThe distinctive feature of this invention is theemployment of tumbler or detent elements-the fulcru'ms of which are capable ofadjustment in a number of relatively varied positions; each possible `adjustment of the fulcrums corresponding to a new permutation or operative lpositioning of the detent members. An elementary form of this construction is illustrated in Fig. 1.` 1 is the front plate of the lock, 1 the keyhole and 2 the rear plate, shown .partly broken away. 3 is the bolt controlled by asuitabl'e spring 4, and 5- and 5 are two ever tumblers ful# crumed at 6 and 6 respectively on pins attached to slotted plates 7 and 7 guided on studs 8, 8 fixed to the front plate of the lock. The head of stud 8 may be engaged by a screw-driver through a hole 9' in the rear late` 2er may terminate in a milled head or e otherwise adjustable to clamp the fulmember 12 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

crum plates in any of their possible positions. Each tumbler 5, 5 is controlled by a spring as 10, 10 tending both to rotate it and to displace its fulcrum plate. At 11 is akey of the form shown in Fig. 2, engaging the tumblers. The key may throw the bolta short distance sufficient to cause the member 12 of the bolt to engage the tumblers (and be lforced .back against its spring 12a) until their gatings are in position to' receive it; the position of parts -then being as shown. A further movement of the key withdraws the bolt. Only a key having bitings corresponding to the positions of the tumblers 5, 5"will operate the lock. To change the key the bolt is held Withdrawn by hand or other# wise. The stud 8 is then loosened releasing the fulcrum slides and a different key inserted and lturned to the position shown in Fig. 1, ,and stud 8 tightened, thus locking the slides in a new arrangement. When `stud 8 is loose the tumblers lare free to move under the action of the tumbler springs to the positions corresponding to the respective bitings of a key, while still engaging the member 12 in their gatings.

While for the sa'ke of clearness I have shown only two tumblers it is obvious that as many tumbler elements asmay be desired can be employed; the number of permutations being the number lof possible op erative positions .which may be given to the fulcrumS. r y

While notshown in the drawing, it will be at once obvious that the tumblers are limited in their movementby a stop suitably positioned to -prevent them when the key is withdrawn from taking such positions .as would prevent the introduction of the key through the keyhole.

In order to operate the lockby a master key I provide twosets of tumblers, the mas ter key engaging only ythe second set. y order to-allow the bolt to be moved by the master key it is necessary tofmodiy the 12 and 12'. are two spring controlled slides Working in guides on the bolt and each havingastud as 13, 13l adapted to engage atri l angular block 14 pivoted on a pin.

slide guides on the bolt and the support foi' the tiian ular member 14 are provided by a plate 16 ast tothe bolt by means of screws 17 'and having a fla e 18v formi one of the guide walls for thev s 'des and a rlb 19 forming the other Slide wall. Thel 'rib 19 is Offset and in the arm thereof-formed by the offset 'is a bearing for th ofthe ordinary tumblers and 12 to Vbear- A against the master key tumblers the bolt. may be thrown when the gatings of either set will receive its appropriate sli e, the other slide being forced back a Iainst its spring.`

The master key tumb ers may or may not y haveadjustable fulcrums. If itis desired to have 4them adjustable, as well as the ordi nary .tumblers, I rovide two sets vof ulcrum slides as 15, 15 lllig. 5,;both guided upon the studs 8, 8b. Itwlll be seen that the lower slides work freely on 'stud 8f but can be4 bound by screwing Ain 'the stud 8b while the lgpjer" slides work freely on stud .8b but can ound b screwing in the head of the fixed Istud 8a. f n this way I can adjust the'ful crum positionsof either set of tumblers with-. out dlsturbing the adjustment of the other f set. v With such a lock I may have either the byu'singla ey tumblers at 'once have the permutations of th'ewhole series; VIn using both sets of tumblerswith onefke the triangular member 14 should be reversed in position on its in so as suni ofv the ermutations of the two groups or' to :prevent inde endent motion-'of t 12 afnd12 orftli should "be" noted that thelbolt is moved by the r'st ward-:of the key;

fig, 6 diagrammatically illustratesthe application of the inventionto a lkeyless lock such for example as aV saeloekw; In Fig. 6 is shown'the pin 20 which carries'atits end outside the safe thev thumb-wheel (not shown) lforofperating the lock.l vOthe shaft 20 areV indicatedfa number of eccentrically mounted disks'orcams 21. In Fig. 6 tliese cams are ind1't'5x`a'te-dy asfbeing fast to the pin 20. In.

actual-practice, however, it is yunderstood that these cams from the pin 20 by suitab purposeof showing the 'invention to this class of loc s, however, the cams 21 may be treated as if ixedto .the

The tumblers are indicated dia'- grammatioally by' the lines422, each being shown as fulcrumed at a oint 23. ,The ends of the tumblers adapted) to ooperate with the detent are indicated at 4thepoint 24.; when .the ends 24 of the tumblers are-alined the .detent mechanism' The fulcrum points 23 are differentv permutations.

gearing. For the applicationfof the that the-pin 20 and Vcamsattaehed thereto brought to the ositi'on shown in 30? rotatiorv su Icing to' aline the have been Fig.' 6 by a ltumblers which engage both sets ofl l -,fected; the lock is thus capa e slidese slides'otherwise held. vIt

the other wards v extending Ibeyond 'thev boltv and' not engagare indelpendently actuated v'IIIgSn a pluralit may .be operated.v

ad ustable to e'eet- 'V independent of the '-en'ds 24 of the'tumblers. Ifv now iti-"be desir'ed to change the combination. so that in- "stead of a 30 movement of the pin 20a 90 movement thereof is required the tumbler fulcrums 23 are loosened, the ends 24 of the held alined in the detent member, and the pin 20 moved in amount according to the combination for which it isldesired to set the lock. "This movement of the pin 20 moves the tumblers with fulcrums the oint 24 asa pivot, the fulcrums movi 1n t e arc indicated by the dotted`line25.

When moved a, distance according to the combination desired, .the ulcrums 23 are secured and the detent member removed from the ends 24 of the tumblers.V The pin 20 may now be moved back toits zerofposition and the lock is setl and ready for operation.

VWhile I have shown the lock in an elementary form the'V invention is capable of Wide application without departure tlnctive feature which so far as I am aware is entirel newin the art. Y

It siiouldl be noted. that by selecting a proper curve along which' thev ulcrrums shouldvbe` adjusted rather than a straight line a remarkable degree of accuracy of registration .of the tumbler gati s may b e efle 4of extreme nicety of adjustment which as those'skilled 23 around.

from the disin the art will understand rendersv possible the employment of a great number of permutations. l

Having described my invention,'wha't lI nowclaimis: C

1. In 'a lock, a plurality of tumblersj pivotal bearings for the tumblers, and'm'eans for xing the of bolt-operatlng relative arrangements." v 2. In a lock, a plurality of t'umblers,Y pivotal bearings for the tumblers, the bearings beingchangeable in position to providefor permutations in the lock, means for moving combination, the same means changingl the tumbler bearings to lother bolt-operating combinations. l y v 3. In a lock, a plurality'of detent-members, pivotal bearings for the detent mem'- bers, means for bringing the detent members into' one bolt-operating ositioning, and means for 'differentially adustin the positions of the pivotal bearings of t e detents to permit the detent members to be brought into yother bolt-operatin positionin s, 4,. Inv aflock,` a plura ity of tumlers, an independent pivotal bearing for each tumbler, means for adjusting said pivotal bearof arrangements of relaa second setoftumblers iirst set.

of tumblers, sup'- tive positlon, a

5. In a lock, a pluralit ortin means on which t epen entl 1 ivoted means for changin pivotal bearings in a plurality l ythe Atumbler bearings to one boltoperating i e tumblers are ing the bearingso te tumblers on the 'supporting 1,30

means, whereby the throw of the tumblersV may be varied to permit of permutations in the lock.

6. In a lock, a bolt, a lever tumbler one `arm ofwhich coperates withfthe bolt to control theinovement ofthe same, a support on which the tumbler is pivotally mounted, means for shifting the bearing of the tumbler Y to another position on the support to vary the throw of the tumbler lever andeffect permutations of the lock while maintaining the coperative relation of lever arm and bolt.-

7. In a lock, a tumbler, a bearing on' which the tumbler is ulcrumed/to have `a rocking movement, and. means for shifting` the tumbler fulcrum to vary'the throw of the tumbler and thereby to effect permutations in the lock.

8. In a tumbler lock two sets 'of tumblers each set normally capable of releasing the fence mechanism independent of the other set, and means for preventing release of the A fence mechanism'except by the operation of both sets. i

9. In a lever tumbler lock` two sets of tumblersfeach set capable of independent relative adjustment of the fulcrums of its? tum.

blers and each set capable of releasing the fence mechanism independently of the other set and meansfor preventingreleasel of the fence mechanism except by the operation of both sets of tumblers substantially as set forth.

10. In a lock, two independently movable integral fence members, a set of tumblers cooperating with one of said fence'members,

and a second set of tumblers cooperating with the other of said fence members, and

A means controlling the operation of said fence members independently of each other whereby one or the other of said sets of tumblers o may control the operation of the lock.

1 1. In alock, a bolt, two slides on the bolt,

each movable independently of the other, a

plurality of tumblers coperating'witheach slide, and means whereby one or the other of said slides may be operated to permit the bolt to be thrown. y

r 12. In a lock, a bolt, two slides on the bolt, each movable independently of the other, a set of tumblers coperating with one of the slides,- a second set tof tumblers coperating with the other slide, means control ing the operation of each slide independently of the other to permit the bolt to be thrown thro ugh one or the other of said sets of tumblers, and means for locking the slides tol gether to operate the'bolt through both sets of tumblers.

13. In a lock a tumbler, v.a pivot therefor and means for altering the angularmotion of .said tumbler necessary to bring it into o eraf tive position, consisting of means for ing the pivot of said tumbler in a plurality of different positions.

14. In a lock, a' bolt, two sets of tumblers -for permitting the o eration of the bolt, the one set independent y of the other set, and

'two fence mechanisms, one cooperating with each set of tumblers, and means allowing one or the other .of said fence mechanisms to be operated independently of the other.

' 15. In a permutation look, a tumbler, Aal

pivot therefor, and means for arbitrarily hxing said pivot in one of a plurality of different bo t-operating positions. i

\ 16. In a lock, a bolttwo sets of tumblers for controlling the o eration of the bolt, one set independently o the other set,` all of said tumblers being positioned to be loperated from a single key and means allowing either .o

of said sets of tumblersto be operated alone.

17. In a lock a tumbler on a pivot, a. gat'- ing in said tumbler and means for fixing the pivotof said tumbler in a plurality of dierjv ent bolt-operating positions.

18. In a lock, pivote'd tumblers,and meansfor adjusting the fulcrum of each tumbler independently of theothers.

19. In a lock, tumblers, pivotal bearings for the tumblers, the pivota bearings being differentially disposed' inone bolt-operating position, and means `for relatively 'shifting the bearings .to other bolt-operating positions. o

20. Ina lock independently pivoted tumn blers having dierentially disposed pivots' and means for altering the disposition ofsaid pivots.

l21. In a lever tumbler lock two sets of tumblers, each set normally capable of releasing th'e fence mechanism independent of the other set:

22. In a lock two sets oftumblers, each -set capable of independent relative adjust. 105

day of June 1908.v

PAULv ZIRON.- Witnesses: J. ERWIN,

CHARLES D. EDWARDS. 

